Short answer
Based on a dated and small study, early-blind individuals do not experience drug-induced hallucinations, while the late-blind can, but not necessarily do so.
Background
Krill et al. (1963) investigated the effects of LSD on totally blind people (i.e., no residual vision) and they report visual hallucinations in 13 out of 24 subjects. This study shortly reviews three other studies in this field (LSD and mescalin administered to blind people) and the consensus the authors reach is that blind folks do experience visual hallucinations.
However, as @JoeBathelt very rightfully notes, it is important to acknowledge the difference between congenitally blind and late blind people that lost vision later in life. Late-blind individuals often experience visual imagery, while congenitally blind do not and cannot. In the Krill et al. study linked, they included four congenitally blind subjects. TheyThe remainder were acquired blind that had lost their eye sight later in life. The congenitally blind group had lost their vision at, or before the age of two (which I would call early blind, but that's debatable). None of these 4 subjects experienced hallucinations. Given that half of their study group experienced hallucinations, one would expect two of these four to have experienced hallucinations. Although the congenitally (i.e., early-blind) group was small, it leads me hence to believe that prior visual experience at least early in life is a prerequisite for visual hallucinations to occur. However, not many studies have been published on the topic and I am most curious to see more answers to this most interesting question.
Reference
- Krill et al., Arch Ophthal (1963); 6: 180-5