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The first sentence of the abstract is:
Rats given a series of shocks exhibit a potentiated startle response to a loud
acoustic stimulus compared to nonshocked animals
Shock sensitization to startle refers to how giving a series of shocks results in a stronger startle in response to a startling acoustic stimulus.
The first sentence of the introduction is:
...
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As in everything in psychology and the studies of behaviour and the brain, there are many interpretations for the extremely complicated process of learning. If you want to check a basic (But detailed) book on most of the early understandings on the subject of Learning, I recommend anything written by Michael Domjan; specially "The Principles of Learning ...
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We refer to neurons that are connected to each other as having a "reciprocal" connection (however, the term is also used to refer to regional reciprocal connections in addition to neuron-neuron connections).
For typical neurons, much more than one input is necessary to reach action potential threshold, so you wouldn't expect reciprocally connected ...
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This is usually referred to as emotional expression or affect display, which can be verbal as well as non-verbal, whereas body language is exclusively non-verbal, and not exclusive to emotion.
This function can certainly go wrong:
There are a few disorders that show deficiency in emotional expression
and response. These include alexithymia, autism, ...
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