9
votes
Accepted
how can the development of sexual preferences be influenced?
A bit of background on me: I’m a clinical psychologist and have worked with many sexual disorders, ranging from paedophile, to gender identity disorder. I am however no expert in any of these, so my ...
- 106
7
votes
Accepted
What's the difference between repetition suppression and habituation?
The two concepts are analogous and mutually illustrative, but empirically refer to different levels of analysis: behavioral and neural.
Habituation
Habituation is a form of non-associative learning, ...
- 6,982
5
votes
Accepted
What salient features of a {conditioned stimulus,unconditioned stimulus} pair are represented in the lateral amygdala?
The lateral amygdala appears to be involved in representing fear memories after extinction (Hobin, Goosens and Maren, 2003). The extent of the lateral amygdala's involvement in representing these ...
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5
votes
Accepted
How does one escape learned helplessness?
History
Martin E. P. Seligman, has written extensively on the nature, etiology, and significance of learned helplessness, and in 1975, he broadened the scope of learned helplessness from animal ...
- 11.9k
4
votes
Accepted
Is it possible to condition oneself to not be bothered by distressing sounds?
Short answer
Meditation may be key to block out distracting noise.
Background
One study has shown that during meditation, expert meditators with over 19,000 h of meditation experience show less ...
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4
votes
Why has behaviourism fallen out of favour?
There is a lot of research here so there is a lot to cover. Please bear with me.
There are what is known as 3 forces of psychology
Behavioural Theory (First Force) – (Short & Thomas, 2014, ...
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4
votes
Accepted
What do anatomical substrates of conditioned taste aversion tell us about treatment?
Your question presupposes that 'deep' (in the brainstem) is the same thing as difficult to extinguish. But the anatomical location doesn't tell us how difficult it is to unlearn a CTA. One reason CTAs ...
- 171
4
votes
Refinements of Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning
I don't think anyone has ever bothered (though Ralph Miller might disagree), since many of the 'failures' are outside of the model's purview. The model expresses as simply as possible the profound ...
- 171
4
votes
Accepted
Is it possible to effect both positive and negative reinforcement through the same action?
Yes.
In fact, the modern view of positive and negative reinforcement is that they are essentially synonyms. They are different ways of looking at the same thing, like describing a glass of water ...
- 18.8k
3
votes
To what extent is control over when a substance is used relevant to addiction?
This is a tough question to answer definitively. I won't address heroin specifically but rather drugs of abuse more generally since a lot of the addictive patterns are the same and heroin is less ...
- 6,679
3
votes
Accepted
Does the "learned" in "learned helplessness" refer specifically to behaviorism's conditioning?
Wikipedia explains that there's not one theory of learned helplessness but several, some more encompassing than others with respect to what is learned:
Research has found that a human's reaction to ...
- 10k
3
votes
Accepted
Can you use harmful addictions to build good habits?
Although smoking is highly addictive and should never be started just because you feel like it enables you to learn something you are not particularly interested in Heishman et al. (2010) note that:
...
- 225
3
votes
To what degree do fetishes differ from conventional sexual orientation?
By Wikipedia's definition a fetish is "a sexual fixation on a nonliving object or nongenital body part."
So, no, it is not 'possible' for anyone to develop a 'fetish' towards a living object.
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3
votes
Why do many people play Candy Crush without ever buying anything while some spend all their money on it?
The economic concept of marginalism comes to mind. Actors will spend money to buy virtual goods if the marginal cost (price) is lower than the marginal (subjective) utility of the virtual good. If you ...
- 31
3
votes
Classical or Operant Conditioning?
This is homework. But it's still interesting.
However, I'm not sure if this would be classified as classical or operant conditioning because although it's a voluntary behavior, it's prompted by a ...
- 1,227
3
votes
Is it possible to bridge implicit and explicit memory?
Short answer: It does not make sense to talk about 'bridging' implicit and explicit memory.
Longer answer: Explicitness and implicitness of memory is most appropriately considered a property of the ...
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2
votes
Accepted
Why is conditioned taste aversion an example of classical conditioning (rather than operant)?
This is an excellent question. The difference between Classical conditioning (also called Pavlovian conditioning) and operant (instrumental) conditioning is subtle for the new student, but can be ...
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2
votes
Why is conditioned taste aversion an example of classical conditioning (rather than operant)?
The conditioning of aversion to taste is part of learning studies in which there is an association between food and flavors with positive reactions such as food preferences or satiety and negative ...
- 1,059
2
votes
Episodic-memory amnesia preserving fear conditioning
As a sort of partial answer, but since it's too much to add to the question itself... a more encompassing question would be whether fear conditioning can occur without awareness of the conditioning ...
- 10k
2
votes
Conditioning and Contingency
"Contingent" means "dependent upon".
See the first definition of
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/contingent?s=t
The reason the second definition there (which is the one you are thinking of) ...
- 1,855
2
votes
Accepted
What are the key dates for the development of operant conditioning?
It would have been pretty strange for there to be multi-year gaps in Skinner's publication record, and in fact, Skinner continued to publish every year in both of those periods and beyond (Epstein, ...
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2
votes
Conditioning/training value of objects in experiment
Subjective value is most often manipulated using some sort of incentive structure in attentional studies. Most commonly, the reward is in the form of time or money earned either directly or through '...
- 6,982
2
votes
Accepted
Why do many people play Candy Crush without ever buying anything while some spend all their money on it?
Summary: From the few papers I've looked at, microtransaction-based games tend to work as suspected/designed. That is, games which rely on frustration to get the player to spend money (like Candy ...
- 10k
2
votes
In operant conditioning, how do you get the subject to "pull the lever" for the first time?
Rats and other creatures are curious and like to explore their environments. When the action is easy, such as a large lever on the wall, most animals will find it quickly, and if the action is ...
- 1,498
2
votes
Name of sound-induced-hunger condition
Probably not. The closest thing I am aware of is Mayor et al (2016) [The Effect of Chronic Dieting Goals on Auditory Perceptual Biases] where they
propose the existence of “wishful hearing,” which ...
- 2,647
1
vote
Does intention matter for positive reinforcement?
The short answer is that only the outcome matters:
These terms are defined by their effect on behavior. ... Positive
reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability of a
behavior ...
- 18.8k
1
vote
punishment vs. negative reinforcement
Actually according to wikipedia source definition of reinforcement of behavioral psychology and operant conditioning, punishment is a subtype of the 4 types of reinforcement:
reinforcement is a ...
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1
vote
Does the "learned" in "learned helplessness" refer specifically to behaviorism's conditioning?
In 1967 Maier and Seligman first proposed the concept of learned helplessness in their paper Failure to escape traumatic shock. 50 years later they published another paper Learned Helplessness at ...
- 1,771
1
vote
Does the brain possess mechanisms to spot a feedback loop of self-induced negative sensation and relief?
Professor Sweeney has expressed the hypothesis that counterfactual thoughts that follow a relief are an example of a such mechanism on the Hidden Brain podcast although it's not something she ...
- 305
1
vote
Accepted
What does it mean by "the resulting behavior doesn't produce the consequence"?
The slide is contrasting classical conditioning with operant conditioning.
In operant conditioning, you train that a behavior is paired with a reward or punishment. For example, a lever press ...
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