Questions tagged [bias]
For questions about systematic patterns of deviation in judgment from normative decision-theoretic expectations.
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Is this an example of confirmation bias?
During a night out with some friends one of them said that "Every girl named Tiffany is hot" which I think is an example of confirmation bias: the idea that people seek out information and ...
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Technical name of cognitive bias: establishing value of event depending on its probability
Suppose a person assigns specific importance or value or utility – eg in monetary terms – to a possible event. Then, upon hearing that the event is very improbable, or very probable, the person ...
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What is the term for the increased willingness to spend "bonus" money over savings? Is it the opposite of the endowment effect?
The effect can be described as following:
Consider two hypothetical scenarios. In one, I have had \$10,000 in the bank for a while. In another, I have had \$8,000 in the bank, and suddenly I won \$2,...
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Is this a confirmation bias or does such an effect have a more specific name?
What is the name of an effect when a person debating with you says that you want them to do Z while you did not have this in mind and did not intend to get to this?
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is there a well recognized bias towards observations that can be measured?
It seems that people and orgnaizations have a tendency to make decision that will improve a measurement when the downsides of this decisions cannot be measured or (alternatively) can be measured but ...
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Name of a phenomenon: alert on familiar topics, gullible on unfamiliar ones [duplicate]
Suppose that a person reads a newspaper. On an article on a topic that he is familiar with, he spots some mistakes in the article. But then, when he reads other articles, on the same newspaper, but on ...
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Belief that I have more holistic understanding and other are just stuck to their details
In meetings and online discussions I've noticed that there are often confident people who dont just believe that they are always right but specifically point that (only) they have holistic (gestalt) ...
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Does the wording of official ethnicity questions influence perceptions in the longer term?
It is well known that the sequence in which questions are asked in a survey can affect answers as earlier questions can influence the frame of mind in which a respondent answers a subsequent question. ...
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The effect of reading news on a topic you know, understanding it is misleading at best - and what this says about all other news stories [duplicate]
Sometimes you will read a news-article, and because you have deep knowledge about the topic of the article, you understand that the articles is at best half-truth - but quite often just plain wrong ...
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Why do Many People Tend to Think That Natural Things are Better than Artificial? [closed]
It is common for some people to think that natural things and products are better while many artificial products are seen as bad. Why are many people subjects to this fallacy? What in our psychology ...
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What is the name of the cognitive bias about groups of people with the same beliefs about others?
Last year I read an interesting magazine article about some papers on a cognitive bias about group beliefs.
The papers highlight the fact that we tend to judge in a stronger way the same behavior if ...
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Alternative to the Beads Task for the role of emotion in belief revision
Context
I'm interested in understanding how emotion / affect is linked to belief revision. My supervisor suggested I use the classic beads task or something similar to it to get at this problem. ...
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What underlying psychological mechanisms could cause a person or a group to experience the bandwagon effect?
People in a target audience are likely to experience the bandwagon effect [1] because they rely on others' assessment of information. Overall, taking advantage of the bandwagon effect can be ...
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"Polysemous heuristics": people trusts Tesla Inc more if they already trusted Nikola Tesla, even though those two are unrelated
For example, because of massive number of films and online short videos, the population is convinced that Tesla is a great inventor. The population is more likely to give a positive opinion (or ...
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Why humans tend to bias themselves in self serving way?
Recently, I have started to notice people who think they are smarter than other people. Actually, they really look like smart people - they do their intellectual work fast and good, they talk smart ...
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Is cognitive distortions more fixated than cognitive biases?
I get that due to our heuristic, we can have cognitive bias. However, it is simply out of our awareness, and if someone else points them out correctly, we are easy to accept that (maybe with ...
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Where and why would "skill" not increase monotonically with time invested?
I'm a fan of games and activities with steep learning curves and high skill ceilings, and very precarious lines between success and failure. Such success may not be strictly linear or predictable (e.g....
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Is most of Kahneman's 'Thinking fast and slow' not supported by evidence/non replicable?
'So, replicability [of all studies in this book] is somewhere between 12% and 46%. Even if half of the results are replicable, we do not know which results are replicable and which one’s are not.'
'...
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Has research established a negative relation between gender-neutral language and gender stereotyping of known individuals?
There has been some research on the effect of gender-neutral language on gender stereotypes. For instance, Lindqvist et al. (2017) studied the effect of gendered and non-gendered pronouns on ...
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Looking for a study featuring a self-reflection growth/distribution curve
What I mean is a graph that would either feature:
a histogram of self-reflection distribution in the general population
a curve reflecting the growth in self-reflection resulting from a therapy or a ...
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Type of Cognitive Bias where someone continues to justify their suffering
It seems to me that there is a type of Cognitive Bias where someone continues to justify their suffering by claiming it was "meaningful" or "necessary" even in the face of clear ...
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Bias distrusting area of expertise while implicitly trusting other domains?
I've run across descriptions of this bias before, but cannot find it right now... I checked Wikipedia's list of cognitive biases to no avail.
Basically, people working in some domain and having ...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception
I have studied that Gestalt Principles are principles/laws of human perception that describe how humans group similar elements, recognize patterns, and simplify complex images when we perceive objects....
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Is there a cognitive bias that makes people consider information coming from someone they don't like as more likely to be wrong?
Frequently I noticed this happening with people. When A dislikes B, A tends to think B is wrong all the time. And it seems to be persistent, even when B is proven correct multiple times, it doesn't ...
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What is the cognitive bias called where you put an ethical boundary just above where you are?
What is the cognitive bias called where you put an ethical boundary just above where you are?
It's where people often say that something is morally acceptable to do something up to a certain point in ...
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Pygmalion effect and negative expectations
I've been reading about the Pygmalion effect. From what extracted, it means positive expectations positively influence performance.
Now I'm curious to know this... does the Pygmalion effect also apply ...
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Do people have an innate preference to take matters into their own hands?
People usually want to make their own decisions. Those looking for spouses often listen to their inner romantic instincts and reject advice from more experienced people. Drivers are skeptical about ...
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What is the difference between Cognitive Bias and Cognitive distortion?
I was asked by my professor to give a presentation on the topic "Cognitive biases and distortions" and during my prep I had this question. Could anyone please shed some light?
I tried ...
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How can we overcome positional bias when selecting an option on a screen/document?
I think the question is best described by an example:
You are at a doctors office and are about to have a conversation about you birth control prescription.
Before you can enter you have to decide if ...
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What is the scientific term for the expectation, that a personal experience positively deviates from what first- or second-hand experience suggests?
What is the scientific term for the tendency of people to believe, that their expected experience positively deviates from what their first- or second-hand experience suggests?
An example for this ...
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Term for the tendency to relate events that occurred in proximity?
What is the correct scientific term for the tendency to wrongfully relate arbitrary observations to a significant event, just because they occurred in temporal or spatial proximity?
Most recently I ...
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Why is the shoemaker badly shod?
In other words, why are professionals/experts good at doing what they know to do for others but not for themselves ?
What is the psychological bias behind this ?
Of course this questions comes from ...
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Research on the psychopathology of rapists
Since not all sexual assaulters are psychopaths or sadists as the media often chalks them up to ,there is scope to at least mend the thinking of some of the rapists, or any which haven't yet given in ...
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Is there a formal name for the effect/cognitive bias of seeing something new
I'm wondering if there is a formal neuroscience or psychology term for the following: We see something new, fresh, and different and as a result pause just a little bit longer to look it over.
Imagine ...
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Are we biased against other people's suggestions?
Recently, I have realized that whenever my friends suggest me a movie or a tv show to watch, there is an instinctive response inside me that always tells me to not try the suggestion. I then realized ...
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What is the difference between naive cynicism and naive realism?
I understand Naive realism as: I am objective and whoever disagrees with me is biased.
I don't get Naive cynicism though. Does is stand for: I am objective and others are more selfish than me?
What is ...
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Is the Sagan standard a kind of proportionality bias?
Is the Sagan standard, which says that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", a kind of proportionality bias?
Since the proportionality bias is a tendency to believe that ...
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What heuristic or bias is at play when drawing conclusions from headlines only?
I'm wondering why many people just read headlines when they scroll through social media and make up their minds based on this? What bias or heuristic is at play? Why don't people read the article?
I ...
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Bias caused by the opinion of a famous person on matters they are not well-educated on?
What is the name of the bias caused by the fame of a person on subject matters they are not experts on?
E.g: If a celebrity they like talks about climate change, people might tend to read, discuss, ...
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Name of cognitive bias that causes experts to overestimate their ability in other areas?
Is there a name for a cognitive bias that causes people who have been successful in one area to be overconfident in their level of knowledge / ability in another unrelated area?
It's related to the ...
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How do we call a tendency of young children to accept things as facts without doubting them?
I have noticed that young children don't doubt a lot of things. If a teacher tell them "1+1=2", they usually just learn it without questioning. When those children get older, they often start to ...
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Humans don't understand the accumulation of small numbers - what is this phenomena called?
I find that if you tell someone to give you 20$ vs. giving you 1$ everyday for 20 days - people react differently.
Similarly ...
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Is there evidence to support the Dunning-Kruger effect?
The well known Dunning-Kruger effect is oft cited as a general explanation for why people with limited expertise overestimate their abilities. Other than the initial research that described this ...
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How can humans tell when something diverges from the norm
With this I mean the notion of humans being able to, for example, look at a painting and tell that something doesn't belong in there. For example sun glasses on the Mona Lisa, without prior knowledge ...
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Can one claim that a person is having cognitive distortion and be always correct?
What is cognitive distorion?
According to Wikipedia, "cognitive distortion are thoughts that cause individuals to perceive reality inaccurately". It is a negative outlook on reality, ...
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What is the phenomenon of devaluing others' abilities called?
The Dunning-Kruger describes a cognitive bias where people evaluate their own skills as greater than reality.
I wonder about a similar situation wherein one underestimates the abilities of others. I ...
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Cognitive bias with trial and error problem solving
I found through self-observation that while solving some problem I am more inclined sometimes to first try and manipulate the variables that require the least amount of effort to manipulate, rather ...
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Is there a link between confirmation biases and a tendency to subscribe to religions?
I've just read Rolf Dobelli's The Art of Thinking Clearly, as well as Mark Manson's Everything is F*cked, which I stumbled upon the concept of cognitive biases.
In the books they mentioned how ...
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Believing only one thing matters, when in reality, it was a chain reaction. What's the bias called?
Assume I had a business. That business would've been very close to be sold to a bigger company, if only I didn't mess up some of my papers. Thing is though, I didn't really only mess these papers. The ...
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I can't understand the comparison made by Kahneman [closed]
The chapter "Risk Policies", in Kahneman's "Thinking, Fast and Slow", opens with this example, which makes vivid the pitfalls of relying on our intuitions in choosing between bets:
Imagine that you ...
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