The question Does language and/or culture affect an individual's cognitive capacity? explores the possibility of differences in cognition based on language and cultural variations.
In this question I am focusing on certain aspects of language only:
the orthography, in particular, the types of graphemes.
Syllabary graphemes are shallow orthographies, where each kana represents and maintains a consistent sound throughout that language (with some exceptions). The well recognised scripts of some Asian cultures (Chinese, Japanese, Korean,...) use syllabary systems.
Alphabetic graphemes are more complex. English, and a good deal of European languages use alphabetic graphemes, where each letter and its usage represents a sound. The great variation in how one symbol (letter) can sound, depending on the context of the letter within a word or sentence, is referred to as a deep orthography.
Given the level of complication with alphabetical languages; I am interested if they can lead to increased incidence of faulty cognition, for instance, thought disorders, dyslexia, circumstantiality, clang association, phonemic paraphasia, blocking, neologisms,.. to name a few.
Have there been any studies on this, and if so, what are there findings?